Author(s): Mehul Bhatt, Anjali Kumari, Chirag Senma

Email(s): mkb_0999@yahoo.co.in

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2026.00025   

Address: Mehul Bhatt*, Anjali Kumari, Chirag Senma
1School of Pharmacy, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Kadi - 382740, Gujarat, India.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 18,      Issue - 2,     Year - 2026


ABSTRACT:
The South Asian native plant Moringa oleifera, commonly known as the "miracle tree," grows swiftly and Is drought-tolerant. Additionally, traditional medicine makes extensive use of it. It has attracted interest from all around the world because of its extensive phytochemical profile and nutritional and medicinal qualities. A diverse range of Bioactive substances are present in the seeds, leaves, pods, bark, and roots, such as flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), phenolic acids, glucosinolates, alkaloids, tannins, carotenoids, as well as important vitamins and minerals. They are found in the bark, roots, seeds, leaves, and pods. These components exhibit an assortment of pharmacological effects, encompassing hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, as well as anticancer action. The leaves are valued for their nutritional benefits and adaptogenic properties, while the seeds are particularly recognized for their antibacterial and anticancer effects. Recent research, backed by preclinical data and growing patent activity, has highlighted Moringa’s promise in medicines, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. Despite these encouraging results, clinical translation is limited by the lack of standardized formulations and thorough clinical trials. Future studies should concentrate on formulation uniformity, toxicological assessment, and thorough clinical validation to guarantee safety and effectiveness in human populations. Moringa oleifera provides a natural, multi-targeted therapeutic approach to treating a range of illnesses and fostering wellbeing.


Cite this article:
Mehul Bhatt, Anjali Kumari, Chirag Senma. Moringa Insights on Nutrition and Development (MIND): Bridging Traditional Wisdom and Modern Science: An Updated Review of its Pharmacological, Phytochemical and Clinical Aspects. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics.2026;18(2):179-5. doi: 10.52711/2321-5836.2026.00025

Cite(Electronic):
Mehul Bhatt, Anjali Kumari, Chirag Senma. Moringa Insights on Nutrition and Development (MIND): Bridging Traditional Wisdom and Modern Science: An Updated Review of its Pharmacological, Phytochemical and Clinical Aspects. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics.2026;18(2):179-5. doi: 10.52711/2321-5836.2026.00025   Available on: https://www.rjppd.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-18-2-10


REFERENCES:
1.    Zahrah Qanitah, Maya Tejasari, Umar Islami. Systematic Review: Khasiat Antikanker Sediaan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap Pertumbuhan Kanker Paru. BCSMS [Internet]. 2023 Feb 2 [cited 2025 Oct 3];3(1). Available from: https://proceedings.unisba.ac.id/index.php/BCSMS/article/view/6321
2.    Pareek A, Pant M, Gupta MM, Kashania P, Ratan Y, Jain V, et al. Moringa oleifera: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Activities, Ethnomedicinal, Phytopharmaceutical Formulation, Clinical, Phytochemical, and Toxicological Aspects. IJMS [Internet]. 2023 Jan 20 [cited 2025 Oct 3];24(3):2098. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2098
3.    Kumar S, Murti Y, Arora S, Akram W, Bhardwaj H, Gupta K, et al. Exploring the therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera Lam. in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A comprehensive review. Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine [Internet]. 2024 Sep [cited 2025 Oct 3];12:100473. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2667142524001155
4.    Islam Z, Islam SMR, Hossen F, Mahtab-ul-Islam K, Hasan MdR, Karim R. Moringa oleifera is a Prominent Source of Nutrients with Potential Health Benefits. Yan ZF, editor. International Journal of Food Science [Internet]. 2021 Aug 10 [cited 2025 Oct 3];2021:1–11. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijfs/2021/6627265/
5.    Tamilselvi NA, Arumugam T. Health Benefits, Therapeutic and Pharmacological Properties of Moringa- A Review. JPRI [Internet]. 2019 Jan 23 [cited 2025 Oct 3];25(1):1–11. Available from: https://journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/view/1033
6.    Sundaram D, Babu NK. Moringa oleifera: a review on nutritive significance and its medicinal application for children. Int J Community Med Public Health [Internet]. 2024 Dec 30 [cited 2025 Oct 3];12(1):610–5. Available from: https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/view/13307
7.    Darekar S, Patil A, Bathe S, Doke R. Moringa oleifera: A comprehensive review on pharmacology, phytochemistry, and clinical applications. IJPCA [Internet]. 2023 Dec 28 [cited 2025 Oct 3];10(4):243–52. Available from: https://ijpca.org/article-details/20580
8.    Sundaram D, Babu NK. Moringa oleifera: a review on nutritive significance and its medicinal application for children. Int J Community Med Public Health [Internet]. 2024 Dec 30 [cited 2025 Oct 3];12(1):610–5. Available from: https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/view/13307
9.    Pareek A, Pant M, Gupta MM, Kashania P, Ratan Y, Jain V, et al. Moringa oleifera: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Activities, Ethnomedicinal, Phytopharmaceutical Formulation, Clinical, Phytochemical, and Toxicological Aspects. IJMS [Internet]. 2023 Jan 20 [cited 2025 Oct 3];24(3):2098. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2098
10.    Gull T, Nouman W, Olson ME. Industrial applications, toxicological impact and marketing trends of Moringa oleifera food products, a review. South African Journal of Botany [Internet]. 2025 Jan [cited 2025 Oct 3];176:141–57. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254629924007221
11.    Jikah AN, Edo GI. Moringa oleifera: its industrial and pharmaceutical applications. A review. Vegetos [Internet]. 2024 Mar 14 [cited 2025 Oct 3];37(5):1679–89. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42535-024-00866-8
12.    Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Gaweł-Bęben K, Rutka A, Blicharska E, Tatarczak-Michalewska M, Kulik-Siarek K, et al. Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree)—nutraceutical, cosmetological and medicinal importance: a review. Front Pharmacol [Internet]. 2024 Feb 2 [cited 2025 Oct 3];15:1288382. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1288382/full
13.    Senthilkumar A, Karuvantevida N, Rastrelli L, Kurup SS, Cheruth AJ. Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Efficacy, and Phytochemistry of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. —A Review. Front Pharmacol [Internet]. 2018 May 11 [cited 2025 Oct 3];9:465. Available from: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2018.00465/full
14.    El Bilali H, Dan Guimbo I, Nanema RK, Falalou H, Kiebre Z, Rokka VM, et al. Research on Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) in Africa. Plants [Internet]. 2024 Jun 11 [cited 2025 Oct 3];13(12):1613. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/12/1613
15.    Gopalakrishnan L, Doriya K, Kumar DS. Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal application. Food Science and Human Wellness [Internet]. 2016 Jun [cited 2025 Oct 3]; 5(2): 49–56. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213453016300362
16.    Agoyi EE, Okou FAY, Assogbadjo EA, Sinsin B. Medicinal uses of Moringa oleifera in southern Benin (West Africa). Acta Hortic [Internet]. 2017 Apr [cited 2025 Oct 3];(1158):303–8. Available from: https://www.actahort.org/books/1158/1158_34.htm
17.    Dhongade HKJ, Paikra BK, Gidwani B. Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Lam. J Pharmacopunct [Internet]. 2017 Sep 30 [cited 2025 Oct 3];20(3):194–200. Available from: http://www.journal.ac/article/20/3/194
18.    Patil SV, Mohite BV, Marathe KR, Salunkhe NS, Marathe V, Patil VS. Moringa Tree, Gift of Nature: a Review on Nutritional and Industrial Potential. Curr Pharmacol Rep [Internet]. 2022 May 16 [cited 2025 Oct 3];8(4):262–80. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40495-022-00288-7
19.    Outani BA, Adamou H, Mahamadou A, Delmas P. Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam): A Review on its Importance Worldwide. East African Scholars J Agri Life Sci [Internet]. 2023 Jul 4 [cited 2025 Oct 3];6(07):112–20. Available from: https://www.easpublisher.com/media/features_articles/EASJALS_67_112-120.pdf
20.    Tshabalala T, Ncube B, Moyo HP, Abdel-Rahman EM, Mutanga O, Ndhlala AR. Predicting the spatial suitability distribution of Moringa oleifera cultivation using analytical hierarchical process modelling. South African Journal of Botany [Internet]. 2020 Mar [cited 2025 Oct 3]; 129:161–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254629919300791
21.    Divya S, Pandey VK, Dixit R, Rustagi S, Suthar T, Atuahene D, et al. Exploring the Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Nutritional Properties of Moringa oleifera: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2024 Oct 9 [cited 2025 Oct 3];16(19):3423. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/19/3423
22.    Pop OL, Kerezsi AD, Ciont (Nagy) C. A Comprehensive Review of Moringa oleifera Bioactive Compounds—Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Their Encapsulation. Foods [Internet]. 2022 Nov 24 [cited 2025 Oct 3];11(23):3787. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/23/3787
23.    Perumalsamy H, Balusamy SR, Sukweenadhi J, Nag S, MubarakAli D, El-Agamy Farh M, et al. A comprehensive review on Moringa oleifera nanoparticles: importance of polyphenols in nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle efficacy and their applications. J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Feb 19;22(1):71. 
24.    Nagime PV, Singh S, Chidrawar VR, Rajput A, Syukri DM, Marwan NT, et al. Moringa oleifera: A plethora of bioactive reservoirs with tremendous opportunity for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles enabled with multifaceted applications. Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects [Internet]. 2024 Dec [cited 2025 Oct 3];40:101404. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352507X24003160
25.    El-Sherbiny GM, Alluqmani AJ, Elsehemy IA, Kalaba MH. Antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical screening of Moringa oleifera leaves. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2024 Dec 16 [cited 2025 Oct 3];14(1):30485. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-80700-y
26.    Adeyemi S, Larayetan R, Onoja AD, Ajayi A, Yahaya A, Ogunmola OO, et al. Anti-hemorrhagic activity of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf on envenomed albino rats. Scientific African [Internet]. 2021 Jul [cited 2025 Oct 3];12:e00742. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2468227621000466
27.    Ahmed F, Satish A, Sairam S, Urooj A. Moringa oleifera Lam.: Protease activity against blood coagulation cascade. Phcog Res [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2025 Oct 3];4(1):44. Available from: https://www.phcogres.com/article/2012/4/1/1041030974-849091034
28.    Abd Rani NZ, Kumolosasi E, Jasamai M, Jamal JA, Lam KW, Husain K. In vitro anti-allergic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts and their isolated compounds. BMC Complement Altern Med [Internet]. 2019 Dec [cited 2025 Oct 3];19(1):361. Available from: https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-019-2776-1
29.    Hagiwara A, Hidaka M, Takeda S, Yoshida H, Kai H, Sugita C, et al. Anti-Allergic Action of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves in Mice. EJMP [Internet]. 2016 Jan 10 [cited 2025 Oct 3];16(3):1–10. Available from: https://journalejmp.com/index.php/EJMP/article/view/167
30.    Fatou Shcherazade Ouattara-Soro, Pétronille Acray-Zengbe, Christian Michel Vianney Zahoui, Georges Abizi, John Kouakou Kouadio, Bertin Konan Yao, et al. Study of the antiallergic activity of the leaves of moringa oleifera (moringaceae) in the albino mouse mus musculus. World J Adv Pharm Life Sci [Internet]. 2022 Apr 30 [cited 2025 Oct 3];2(2):038–47. Available from: https://zealjournals.com/wjapls/content/study-antiallergic-activity-leaves-moringa-oleifera-moringaceae-albino-mouse-mus-musculus-0
31.    Magaji U, Saçan Ö, Yanardağ R. Inhibitory potentials of Moringa oleifera on activities of neuraminidase, xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase. ijp [Internet]. 2023 Dec 28 [cited 2025 Oct 3];53(3):314–9. Available from: https://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/en/journal/ijp/article/inhibitory-potentials-of-moringa-oleifera-on-activities-of-neuraminidase-xanthine-oxidase-and-adenosine-deaminase
32.    Bhalla N, Ingle N, Patri SV, Haranath D. Phytochemical analysis of Moringa Oleifera leaves extracts by GC-MS and free radical scavenging potency for industrial applications. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences [Internet]. 2021 Dec [cited 2025 Oct 3];28(12):6915–28. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1319562X21006586
33.    Abd El-Hack ME, Alqhtani AH, Swelum AA, El-Saadony MT, Salem HM, Babalghith AO, et al. Pharmacological, nutritional and antimicrobial uses of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves in poultry nutrition: an updated knowledge. Poult Sci. 2022 Sep; 101(9): 102031. 
34.    Dwi Nanda AY. Potential of Moringa Oleifera Leaf (Moringa oleifera Lam.) as an Antibacterial: Systematic Literature Review: Moringa Oleifera Leaf. ijhsrd [Internet]. 2024 Jun 30 [cited 2025 Oct 3]; 6(1): 222–9. Available from: https://ijhsrd.com/index.php/ijhsrd/article/view/212
35.    Al-Ghanayem AA, Alhussaini MS, Asad M, Joseph B. Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Excision Wound Infections in Rats: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Gene Expression Analysis. Molecules. 2022 Jul 13;27(14):4481. 
36.    Amin MF, Ariwibowo T, Putri SA, Kurnia D. Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Pharmacology, Chemical Constituents, and Application for Dental Health. Pharmaceuticals [Internet]. 2024 Jan 22 [cited 2025 Oct 21];17(1):142. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/1/142
37.    Cabardo DE, Portugaliza HP. Anthelmintic activity of Moringa oleifera seed aqueous and ethanolic extracts against Haemonchus contortus eggs and third stage larvae. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine [Internet]. 2017 Jun [cited 2025 Oct 21]; 5(1): 30–4. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.02.001
38.    Kandil OM, Hassan NMF, Sedky D, Ata EB, Nassar SA, Shalaby HA, et al. Anthelmintic efficacy of Moringa oleifera seed methanolic extract against Fasciola hepatica. J Parasit Dis [Internet]. 2018 Sep [cited 2025 Oct 21];42(3):391–401. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12639-018-1014-y
39.    Rafique A, Mahmood MS, Abbas RZ, Ali S, Mian A, Rizwan A. Anthelmintic activity of Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica against gastrointestinal nematodes of wild sheep. J Hellenic Vet Med Soc [Internet]. 2022 Jul 10 [cited 2025 Oct 21];73(2):3989–96. Available from: https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/ index.php/jhvms/article/view/25876
40.    Younis N, Khan MI, Zahoor T, Faisal MN. Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of Moringa oleifera for its utilization in the management of hepatic injury. Front Nutr [Internet]. 2022 Dec 15 [cited 2025 Oct 21]; 9: 1078896. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1078896/full
41.    Chaudhary P, Janmeda P, Docea AO, Yeskaliyeva B, Abdull Razis AF, Modu B, et al. Oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidants: potential crosstalk in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Front Chem [Internet]. 2023 May 10 [cited 2025 Oct 21]; 11: 1158198. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/ 10.3389/fchem.2023.1158198/full
42.    Peñalver R, Martínez-Zamora L, Lorenzo JM, Ros G, Nieto G. Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Functional Foods. Foods [Internet]. 2022 Apr 12 [cited 2025 Oct 21];11(8):1107. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/8/1107
43.    Sreelatha S, Padma PR. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Two Stages of Maturity. Plant Foods Hum Nutr [Internet]. 2009 Dec [cited 2025 Oct 21];64(4):303–11. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/ s11130-009-0141-0
44.    Woldeyohannes MG, Eshete GT, Abiye AA, Hailu AE, Huluka SA, Tadesse WT. Antidiarrheal and Antisecretory Effect of 80% Hydromethanolic Leaf Extract of Moringa stenopetala Baker f. in Mice. Tayyab S, editor. Biochemistry Research International [Internet]. 2022 Jan 30 [cited 2025 Oct 21];2022:1–7. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bri/2022/5768805/
45.    Husien HM, Peng W, Essa MOA, Adam SY, Ur Rehman S, Ali R, et al. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Polysaccharides Extracted from Moringa oleifera Leaves on IEC6 Cells Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro. Animals [Internet]. 2024 Dec 4 [cited 2025 Oct 21];14(23):3508. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3508
46.    Zheng L, Lu X, Yang S, Zou Y, Zeng F, Xiong S, et al. The anti-inflammatory activity of GABA-enriched Moringa oleifera leaves produced by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum LK-1. Front Nutr [Internet]. 2023 Mar 9 [cited 2025 Oct 21];10:1093036. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1093036/full
47.    Hamdy NM. Exploring the anti-inflammatory potential of the polyphenolic compounds in Moringa oleifera leaf: in silico molecular docking. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences [Internet]. 2024 Dec 31 [cited 2025 Oct 21];11(1):367–85. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/ 10.1080/2314808X.2024.2347126
48.    Oguntibeju OO, Aboua GY, Omodanisi EI. Effects of Moringa oleifera on oxidative stress, apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model. South African Journal of Botany [Internet]. 2020 Mar [cited 2025 Oct 21];129:354–65. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/ retrieve/pii/S0254629919306945
49.    Sugiharto S, Ramadany S, Handayani H, Achmad H, Mutmainnah N, Inayah NH, et al. Assessment of the Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Moringa Leaf Extract in Periodontitis Cases through IL-6 Cytokine Analysis in Wistar (Rattus novergicus). Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2022 Feb 24 [cited 2025 Oct 21]; 10(D): 124–30. Available from: https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/8381
50.    Shahbaz M, Naeem H, Batool M, Imran M, Hussain M, Mujtaba A, et al. Antioxidant, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory potential of Moringa seed and Moringa seed oil: A comprehensive approach. Food Science & Nutrition [Internet]. 2024 Sep [cited 2025 Oct 21]; 12(9): 6157–73. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fsn3.4312
51.    Saleem A, Saleem M, Akhtar MF. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic potential of Moringa oleifera Lam: An ethnomedicinal plant of Moringaceae family. South African Journal of Botany [Internet]. 2020 Jan [cited 2025 Oct 21]; 128: 246–56. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254629918315710
52.    Avilés-Gaxiola S, León-Félix J, Jiménez-Nevárez YB, Angulo-Escalante MA, Ramos-Payán R, Colado-Velázquez J, et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of novel peptides from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. South African Journal of Botany [Internet]. 2021 Sep [cited 2025 Oct 21];141:466–73. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254629921002143
53.    Xu YB, Chen GL, Guo MQ. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Crude Extracts of Moringa oleifera from Kenya and Their Correlations with Flavonoids. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2019 Aug 9 [cited 2025 Oct 21];8(8):296. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/8/296
54.    Ezeamuzie IC, Ambakederemo AW, Shode FO, Ekwebelem SC. Antiinflammatory Effects of Moringa oleifera Root Extract. International Journal of Pharmacognosy [Internet]. 1996 Jan [cited 2025 Oct 21]; 34(3): 207–12. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1076/phbi.34.3.207.13211
55.    Chen G, Xu Y, Wu J, Li N, Guo M. Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Potential Bioactive Components from Moringa oleifera Leaves Revealed by Affinity Ultrafiltration LC–MS and Molecular Docking. ACS Food Sci Technol [Internet]. 2021 Nov 19 [cited 2025 Oct 21]; 1(10): 1953–62. Available from: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.1c00275
56.    Abd-Elnaby YA, ElSayed IE, AbdEldaim MA, Badr EA, Abdelhafez MM, Elmadbouh I. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of Moringa oleifera against bisphenol-A-induced hepatotoxicity. Egypt Liver Journal [Internet]. 2022 Sep 30 [cited 2025 Oct 21]; 12(1): 57. Available from: https://eglj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43066-022-00219-7
57.    Mittal A, Sharma M, David A, Vishwakarma P, Saini M, Goel M, et al. An experimental study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of moringa oleifera leaves in animal models. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2017 Jan 28 [cited 2025 Oct 21];6(2):452. Available from: http://www.ijbcp.com/index.php/ijbcp/article/view/1152
58.    Devy, Jansen, Yani H. Obesity Model in White Male Wistar Rats: The Impact of Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) Flower Extract on Pancreatic Function as Deduced from Serum Amylase and Lipase Levels and the Histopathological Image of the Pancreas. Int Jou of PHE [Internet]. 2024 Feb 5 [cited 2025 Oct 3]; 3(2): 559–69. Available from: https://ejournal.ipinternasional.com/ index.php/ijphe/article/view/752
59.    Gómez-Martínez S, Díaz-Prieto LE, Vicente Castro I, Jurado C, Iturmendi N, Martín-Ridaura MC, et al. Moringa oleifera Leaf Supplementation as a Glycemic Control Strategy in Subjects with Prediabetes. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 24;14(1):57. 
60.    Watanabe S, Okoshi H, Yamabe S, Shimada M. Moringa oleifera Lam. in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Molecules. 2021 Jun 9;26(12):3513. 
61.    Putri LR, Yuniarti E. Literature Review: Effectiveness of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera) to Diabetes Mellitus. JBT [Internet]. 2023 Jul 5 [cited 2025 Oct 3];23(3):369–73. Available from: https://jurnalfkip.unram.ac.id/index.php/JBT/article/view/5018
62.    Setyani W, Murwanti R, Sulaiman TNS, Hertiani T. Flavonoid from Moringa oleifera leaves revisited: A review article on in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies of antidiabetic insulin-resistant activity. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2023;14(4):283–8. 
63.    Krawczyk M, Burzynska-Pedziwiatr I, Wozniak LA, Bukowiecka-Matusiak M. Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Pointing to the Antidiabetic Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Plant Extracts from Gymnema montanum, Momordica charantia and Moringa oleifera. CIMB [Internet]. 2022 Jan 28 [cited 2025 Oct 3]; 44(2): 699–717. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/44/2/49
64.    Aljazzaf B, Regeai S, Elghmasi S, Alghazir N, Balgasim A, Hdud Ismail IM, et al. Evaluation of Antidiabetic Effect of Combined Leaf and Seed Extracts of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Mice: A Biochemical and Histological Study. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2023;2023:9136217. 
65.    Vargas-Sánchez K, Garay-Jaramillo E, González-Reyes RE. Effects of Moringa oleifera on Glycaemia and Insulin Levels: A Review of Animal and Human Studies. Nutrients. 2019 Dec 2; 11(12): 2907. 
66.    Díaz-Prieto LE, Gómez-Martínez S, Vicente-Castro I, Heredia C, González-Romero EA, Martín-Ridaura MDC, et al. Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. Supplementation on Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Markers in Subjects with Prediabetes. Nutrients. 2022 May 5; 14(9): 1937. 
67.    Sangkitikomol W, Rocejanasaroj A, Tencomnao T. Effect of Moringa oleifera on advanced glycation end-product formation and lipid metabolism gene expression in HepG2 cells. Genet Mol Res. 2014 Jan 29; 13(1): 723–35. 
68.    Leone A, Bertoli S, Di Lello S, Bassoli A, Ravasenghi S, Borgonovo G, et al. Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder on Postprandial Blood Glucose Response: In Vivo Study on Saharawi People Living in Refugee Camps. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10): 1494. 
69.    Villarruel-López A, López-de la Mora DA, Vázquez-Paulino OD, Puebla-Mora AG, Torres-Vitela MR, Guerrero-Quiroz LA, et al. Effect of Moringa oleifera consumption on diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Apr 10;18(1):127. 
70.    Al Shammari L, Al-Mustafa A, Alfarrayeh I, Al-Saharin R, Al-Rimawi F, Al-Hroub HM, et al. The Remarkable Benefits of Moringa oleifera : Antioxidant Strength and α - Glucosidase Inhibition. Natural Product Communications [Internet]. 2025 Jun [cited 2025 Oct 21];20(6):1934578X251349933. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1934578X251349933
71.    Hamed YS, Abdin M, Rayan AM, Saleem Akhtar HM, Zeng X. Synergistic inhibition of isolated flavonoids from Moringa oleifera leaf on α-glucosidase activity. LWT [Internet]. 2021 Apr [cited 2025 Oct 21];141:111081. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0023643821002346
72.    Obih JCA, Obih PO, Arome OS. Mechanism of Action of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. The FASEB Journal [Internet]. 2020 Apr [cited 2025 Oct 21];34(S1):1–1. Available from: https://faseb.onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04647
73.    Magaji UF, Sacan O, Yanardag R. Alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase and glycation inhibitory activity of Moringa oleifera extracts. South African Journal of Botany [Internet]. 2020 Jan [cited 2025 Oct 21];128:225–30. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254629919314255
74.    Ali A. The Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Seeds Extract on Liver Damage in Mice. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B Zoology [Internet]. 2022 Apr 20 [cited 2025 Oct 21];14(1):239–47. Available from: https://eajbsz.journals.ekb.eg/article_233847.html
75.    Pareek A, Pant M, Gupta MM, Kashania P, Ratan Y, Jain V, et al. Moringa oleifera: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Activities, Ethnomedicinal, Phytopharmaceutical Formulation, Clinical, Phytochemical, and Toxicological Aspects. IJMS [Internet]. 2023 Jan 20 [cited 2025 Oct 3];24(3):2098. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2098
76.    Pareek A, Pant M, Gupta MM, Kashania P, Ratan Y, Jain V, et al. Moringa oleifera: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Activities, Ethnomedicinal, Phytopharmaceutical Formulation, Clinical, Phytochemical, and Toxicological Aspects. IJMS [Internet]. 2023 Jan 20 [cited 2025 Oct 3];24(3):2098. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2098
77.    Pareek A, Pant M, Gupta MM, Kashania P, Ratan Y, Jain V, et al. Moringa oleifera: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Activities, Ethnomedicinal, Phytopharmaceutical Formulation, Clinical, Phytochemical, and Toxicological Aspects. IJMS [Internet]. 2023 Jan 20 [cited 2025 Oct 3];24(3):2098. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2098
78.    Abdel Fattah ME, Sobhy HM, Reda A, Abdelrazek HMA. Hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves aquatic extract against lead acetate–induced liver injury in male Wistar rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res [Internet]. 2020 Dec [cited 2025 Oct 21];27(34):43028–43. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-020-10161-z
79.    Pari L, Kumar NA. Hepatoprotective Activity of Moringa oleifera on Antitubercular Drug-Induced Liver Damage in Rats. Journal of Medicinal Food [Internet]. 2002 Sep [cited 2025 Oct 21];5(3):171–7. Available from: http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/10966200260398206
80.    El-Beltagi HS, Rageb M, El-Saber MM, El-Masry RA, Ramadan KMA, Kandeel M, et al. Green synthesis, characterization, and hepatoprotective effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera leaves in CCl4-treated albino rats. Heliyon [Internet]. 2024 May [cited 2025 Oct 21];10(9):e30627. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405844024066581
81.    Obayuwana E, Imafidon EO, Odiase DE, Alih OJ, Nweke SM, Enoghase RJ, et al. Effects of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera on Phenylhydrazine-induced Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats. jasem [Internet]. 2022 May 31 [cited 2025 Oct 21];26(5):949–54. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/227054
82.    Moringa oleifera’s Effect on Colorectal Cancer. J Angiotherapy [Internet]. 2023 Aug 12 [cited 2025 Oct 3];7(1). Available from: https://publishing.emanresearch.org/Journal/Abstract/angiotherapy-717344
83.    Bopape M, Tiloke C, Ntsapi C. Moringa oleifera and Autophagy: Evidence from In Vitro Studies on Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in HepG2 Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer. 2023;75(10):1822–47. 
84.    Sharif Salhab HA, Ziyad Mustafa ASR, Joseph J, Abdul Samad N. Molecular targets of Moringa oleifera in cancers (In vitro and in vivo): A systematic review. JUMMEC [Internet]. 2023 Jun 6 [cited 2025 Oct 3];sp2023(1):46–65. Available from: https://jummec.um.edu.my/index.php/jummec/article/view/43809
85.    Hagoel L, Vexler A, Kalich-Philosoph L, Earon G, Ron I, Shtabsky A, et al. Combined Effect of Moringa oleifera and Ionizing Radiation on Survival and Metastatic Activity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther. 2019;18:1534735419828829. 
86.    Ramarao KDR, Somasundram C, Razali Z, Kunasekaran W, Jin TL, Musa S, et al. Antiproliferative effects of dried Moringa oleifera leaf extract on human Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0274814. 
87.    Adebayo IA, Arsad H, Samian MR. Antiproliferative effect on Breast cancer (MCF7) of Moringa oleifera seed extracts. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2017;14(2):282–7. 
88.    Wu YY, Xu YM, Lau ATY. Anti-Cancer and Medicinal Potentials of Moringa Isothiocyanate. Molecules. 2021 Dec 11;26(24):7512. 
89.    Gaobotse G, Venkataraman S, Brown PD, Masisi K, Kwape TE, Nkwe DO, et al. The use of African medicinal plants in cancer management. Front Pharmacol [Internet]. 2023 Feb 14 [cited 2025 Oct 22];14:1122388. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1122388/full
90.    Xie J, Yang MR, Hu X, Hong ZS, Bai YY, Sheng J, et al. Moringa oleifera Lam. Isothiocyanate Quinazolinone Derivatives Inhibit U251 Glioma Cell Proliferation through Cell Cycle Regulation and Apoptosis Induction. IJMS [Internet]. 2023 Jul 12 [cited 2025 Oct 22];24(14):11376. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/14/11376
91.    Al-Asmari AK, Albalawi SM, Athar MT, Khan AQ, Al-Shahrani H, Islam M. Moringa oleifera as an Anti-Cancer Agent against Breast and Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Ahmad S, editor. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2015 Aug 19 [cited 2025 Oct 22];10(8):e0135814. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135814
92.    Berkovich L, Earon G, Ron I, Rimmon A, Vexler A, Lev-Ari S. Moringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-kappaB and increases cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med [Internet]. 2013 Dec [cited 2025 Oct 22];13(1):212. Available from: https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-13-212
93.    Xie J, Peng L jie, Yang M rong, Jiang W wei, Mao J ying, Shi C ying, et al. Alkaloid Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Exerts Antitumor Activity in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via Modulation of the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. N’guessan BB, editor. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine [Internet]. 2021 Jun 8 [cited 2025 Oct 22];2021:1–12. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2021/5591687/
94.    Laftah AH, Alhelfi N, Al Salait SK, Altemimi AB, Tabandeh MR, Tsakali E, et al. Mitigation of doxorubicin-induced liver toxicity in mice breast cancer model by green tea and Moringa oleifera combination: Targeting apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Journal of Functional Foods [Internet]. 2025 Jan [cited 2025 Oct 21]; 124: 106626. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1756464624006297
95.    Siddiqui S, Upadhyay S, Ahmad I, Hussain A, Ahamed M. Cytotoxicity of Moringa oleifera fruits on human liver cancer and molecular docking analysis of bioactive constituents against caspase‐3 enzyme. J Food Biochem [Internet]. 2021 May [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 45(5). Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfbc.13720
96.    Shahbaz M, Naeem H, Batool M, Imran M, Hussain M, Mujtaba A, et al. Antioxidant, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory potential of Moringa seed and Moringa seed oil: A comprehensive approach. Food Science & Nutrition [Internet]. 2024 Sep [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 12(9): 6157–73. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fsn3.4312
97.    Priyandoko D, Widowati W, Widodo W, Kusdianti K, Hernawati H, Widodo WS, et al. The Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanolic Extract as Anticancer Against Lung adenocarcinoma (A549) Cells and Its Toxicity on Normal Mammary Cells (MCF-12A). Trends Sci [Internet]. 2022 Mar 12 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 19(7): 3202. Available from: https://tis.wu.ac.th/index.php/tis/article/view/3202
98.    Tiloke C, Phulukdaree A, Chuturgoon AA. The antiproliferative effect of Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract on cancerous human alveolar epithelial cells. BMC Complement Altern Med [Internet]. 2013 Dec [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 13(1): 226. Available from: https://bmccomplementalternmed. biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-13-226
99.    Abd-Rabou AA, Abdalla AM, Ali NA, Zoheir KM. Moringa oleifera Root Induces Cancer Apoptosis more Effectively than Leave Nanocomposites and Its Free Counterpart. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev [Internet]. 2017 Aug [cited 2025 Oct 22];18(8). Available from: https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.8.2141
100.    Laude JM, Picart MR, Lim A, Tun J, Ramones CM, Rellin KF, et al. Moringa oleifera compounds from seeds and extracts from leaves: anticancer and cancer chemopreventive properties; preparation of leaf extract-based herbal syrup. SciEnggJ [Internet]. 2022 Dec 31 [cited 2025 Oct 22];15(2):192–227. Available from: https://scienggj.org/2022/SciEnggJ%202022-vol15-no02-p192-227-Laude%20et%20al.pdf
101.    Wisitpongpun P, Suphrom N, Potup P, Nuengchamnong N, Calder PC, Usuwanthim K. In Vitro Bioassay-Guided Identification of Anticancer Properties from Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf against the MDA-MB-231 Cell Line. Pharmaceuticals [Internet]. 2020 Dec 15 [cited 2025 Oct 22];13(12):464. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/12/464
102.    Evaluation of apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in EL4 cell line lymphoma using Moringa oleifera plant extract. ARI [Internet]. 2024 Jun 5 [cited 2025 Oct 22];37–50. Available from: https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_131499.html
103.    Sreelatha S, Jeyachitra A, Padma PR. Antiproliferation and induction of apoptosis by Moringa oleifera leaf extract on human cancer cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology [Internet]. 2011 Jun [cited 2025 Oct 22];49(6):1270–5. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278691511000755
104.    Varalakshmi K, Nair S. Anticancer, cytotoxic potential of Moringa oleifera extracts on HeLa cell line. J Nat Pharm [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2025 Oct 22];2(3):138. Available from: http://www.jnatpharm.org/text.asp?2011/2/3/138/86260
105.    Bhadresha K, Thakore V, Brahmbhatt J, Upadhyay V, Jain N, Rawal R. Anticancer effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract against lung cancer cell line via induction of apoptosis. Advances in Cancer Biology - Metastasis [Internet]. 2022 Dec [cited 2025 Oct 22];6:100072. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2667394022000466
106.    Jung IL, Lee JH, Kang SC. A potential oral anticancer drug candidate, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, induces the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncology Letters [Internet]. 2015 Sep [cited 2025 Oct 22];10(3):1597–604. Available from: https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2015.3482
107.    Arozal W, Safutra MS, Barinda AJ, Hardi H, Dwita NC, Lee HJ. Comparative Neuroprotective Effects of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil and Aqueous Extract on Cognitive Functions on a High-Fat, High-Fructose Diet Mice: Focus on Senescence Markers. ScientificWorldJournal. 2024;2024:8034401. 
108.    Worku B, Tolossa N. A Review on the Neuroprotective Effect of Moringa oleifera. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2024;2024:7694516. 
109.    Saleh AY, Saputra DAY, Valentina R, Susanto TD. The Miracle Moringa Oleifera Tree: A Bibliometric Review of Its Neuroprotective Properties. Pharmacogn J [Internet]. 2025 May 7 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 17(2): 258–76. Available from: https://phcogj.com/article/2492
110.    Kim HS, Jeong CH, Lee JK. Neuroprotective effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Food Life [Internet]. 2022 Mar 31 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 2022(1): 19–26. Available from: http://www.foodnlife.org/archive/view_article?doi=10.5851/fl.2022.e1
111.    J. Hashim F, Vichitphan S, Boonsiri P, Vichitphan K. Neuroprotective Assessment of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract against Oxidative-Stress-Induced Cytotoxicity in SHSY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Plants [Internet]. 2021 Apr 28 [cited 2025 Oct 22];10(5):889. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/889
112.    Purwoningsih E, Arozal W, Lee HJ, Munim A. Neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract Moringa oleifera leaves. Int J App Pharm [Internet]. 2022 Dec 27 [cited 2025 Oct 22];127–31. Available from: https://innovareacademics.in/ journals/index.php/ijap/article/view/47207
113.    Hannan MdA, Kang JY, Mohibbullah Md, Hong YK, Lee H, Choi JS, et al. Moringa oleifera with promising neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth promoting potentials. Journal of Ethnopharmacology [Internet]. 2014 Feb [cited 2025 Oct 22];152(1):142–50. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378874113009185
114.    Omotoso GO, Gbadamosi IT, Olajide OJ, Dada-Habeeb SO, Arogundade TT, Yawson EO. Moringa oleifera phytochemicals protect the brain against experimental nicotine-induced neurobehavioral disturbances and cerebellar degeneration. Pathophysiology [Internet]. 2018 Mar [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 25(1): 57–62. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0928468016300724
115.    Ghimire S, Subedi L, Acharya N, Gaire BP. Moringa oleifera : A Tree of Life as a Promising Medicinal Plant for Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Agric Food Chem [Internet]. 2021 Dec 8 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 69(48): 14358–71. Available from: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04581
116.    Arozal W, Purwoningsih E, Lee HJ, Barinda AJ, Munim A. Effects of Moringa oleifera in Two Independents Formulation and as Neuroprotective Agent Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Front Nutr [Internet]. 2022 Mar 1 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 9: 799127. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.799127/full
117.    Idoga ES, Ambali SF, Ayo JO, Mohammed A. Assessment of antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves in subchronic chlorpyrifos-intoxicated rats. Comp Clin Pathol [Internet]. 2018 Jul [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 27(4): 917–25. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00580-018-2682-9
118.    Srivastava G, Ganjewala D. An update on the emerging neuroprotective potential of Moringa oleifera and its prospects in complimentary neurotherapy. Phytomedicine Plus [Internet]. 2024 May [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 4(2): 100532. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2667031324000101
119.    Azlan UK, Khairul Annuar NA, Mediani A, Aizat WM, Damanhuri HA, Tong X, et al. An insight into the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects and mechanisms of Moringa oleifera. Front Pharmacol [Internet]. 2023 Jan 5 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 13: 1035220. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1035220/full
120.    Worku B, Tolossa N. A Review on the Neuroprotective Effect of Moringa oleifera. Węgrzyn G, editor. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity [Internet]. 2024 Jan [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 2024(1): 7694516. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2024/7694516
121.    Qadi WSM, Fadzel NT, Mediani A, Sarian MN, Tong X, Han R, et al. An insight review on the potential anti-hypertensive effects of Moringa oleifera. Biomed Pharmacother. 2025 Oct;191:118500. 
122.    David S, Dapar MP, Jimam NS. Clinical antihypertensive efficacy and safety of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) leaf: a systematic review. J Pharm Bio [Internet]. 2025 Jan 21 [cited 2025 Oct 3]; 22(1): 1–12. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jpb/article/view/286885
123.    Villegas-Vazquez EY, Gómez-Cansino R, Marcelino-Pérez G, Jiménez-López D, Quintas-Granados LI. Unveiling the Miracle Tree: Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera in Chronic Disease Management and Beyond. Biomedicines [Internet]. 2025 Mar 5 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 13(3): 634. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/634
124.    Razis AFA, Kamal RM, De Nicola GR, Montaut S, Perimal EK, Ahmad H, et al. Cardio- and neuroprotective effects by pretreatment of dietary moringin from Moringa oleifera seeds and α-CD/moringin formulation in a rat model of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. J Nutr Sci [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 14: e62. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679025100359/type/journal_article
125.    Nirmali AGN, Marasinghe S, Athauda-Arachchi P, Alahakoon SB, Kuruppu AI. The Effect of Sri Lankan Medicinal Herbs on the Reduction ofDyslipidemia. CHAMC [Internet]. 2025 Dec [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 23(4): 259–75. Available from: https://www.eurekaselect.com/243380/article
126.    Conference I. Modulation of Nrf2, CBR1, and TNF-a Expressions and Antioxidant Activity Mediated The Cardioprotective Effects of Zingiber Officinale and Moringa Oleifera Extracts Against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity. Egypt J Chem [Internet]. 2022 Aug 31 [cited 2025 Oct 22]. Available from: https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_257255.html
127.    Trigo C, Castelló ML, Ortolá MD. Potentiality of Moringa oleifera as a Nutritive Ingredient in Different Food Matrices. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2023 Mar;78(1):25–37. 
128.    Smeea Fatima, Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Ali Haider. Effectiveness of moringa oleifera to enhance the haemoglobin concentration in body: A systematic review. Pioneer J Biostat Med Res [Internet]. 2024 May 1 [cited 2025 Oct 3];1(4):11–8. Available from: https://www.pjbmr.com/index.php/pjbmr/article/view/38
129.    Nadimin, Zia MH, Asif A, Rehman A. Nutritional Intervention Based on Moringa Leaf Flour to Prevent Stunting in First 1000 Days of Life (1000 HPK): Review Articles. In 2021 [cited 2025 Oct 3]. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/ paper/Nutritional-Intervention-Based-on-Moringa-Leaf-to-Nadimin-Zia/8280bdec856e76bc938a8d867a1b0b7f88fba29a
130.    Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J, Bertoli S. Moringa oleifera Seeds and Oil: Characteristics and Uses for Human Health. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Dec 20;17(12):2141. 
131.    Khan AS, Ali QZ. Moringa - The Miracle Tree: An Overview of its Nutritional and Medicinal Properties. AJBGMB [Internet]. 2023 Oct 17 [cited 2025 Oct 3];15(3):32–44. Available from: https://journalajbgmb.com/index.php/AJBGMB/article/view/337
132.    Gambo A, Moodley I, Babashani M, Babalola TK, Gqaleni N. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on the immune status and anthropometric parameters of adult HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting. PLoS One. 2021;16(12):e0261935. 
133.    Egbu CF, Mulaudzi A, Motsei LE, Mnisi CM. Moringa oleifera products as nutraceuticals for sustainable poultry production. Agric & Food Secur [Internet]. 2024 Dec 28 [cited 2025 Oct 3]; 13(1): 54. Available from: https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40066-024-00508-x
134.    Attia SL, Odhiambo SA, Mogaka JN, Ondondo R, Schadler A, McQuerry K, et al. Impact of Maternal Moringa oleifera Leaf Supplementation on Milk and Serum Vitamin A and Carotenoid Concentrations in a Cohort of Breastfeeding Kenyan Women and Their Infants. Nutrients. 2024 Oct 9;16(19):3425. 
135.    Abdull Razis AF, Ibrahim MD, Kntayya SB. Health benefits of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(20):8571–6. 
136.    Stohs SJ, Hartman MJ. Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Moringa oleifera. Phytother Res. 2015 Jun;29(6):796–804. 
137.    Zhang YW, Wang FJ, Cai M, Liu YP, Liu JY, Huang BZ. Evaluation of the feeding safety of Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) in the Sprague Dawley rat. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2024 May 9 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 14(1): 10647. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-51442-8
138.    Temitayo Olayemi A, Jones Olanrewaju M, Christopher Oloruntoba A. Toxicological evaluation of Moringa oleifera Lam seeds and leaves in Wistar rats. PC [Internet]. 2016 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 6(2): 100–11. Available from: http://www.phcogcommn.org/content/84
139.    Saleem A, Saleem M, Akhtar MF, Ashraf Baig MMF, Rasul A. HPLC analysis, cytotoxicity, and safety study of Moringa oleifera Lam. (wild type) leaf extract. J Food Biochem [Internet]. 2020 Oct [cited 2025 Oct 22];44(10). Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfbc.13400
140.    Kim Y, Jaja-Chimedza A, Merrill D, Mendes O, Raskin I. A 14-day repeated-dose oral toxicological evaluation of an isothiocyanate-enriched hydro-alcoholic extract from Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds in rats. Toxicology Reports [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Oct 22];5:418–26. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214750018301185
141.    Galvão Silva NR, Costa WK, Assunção Ferreira MR, Breitenbach Barroso Coelho LC, Lira Soares LA, Napoleão TH, et al. 13-Week repeated-dose toxicity study of optimized aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology [Internet]. 2024 Dec [cited 2025 Oct 22];335:118637. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037887412400936X
142.    Galdino FS, Alencar Neta RLD, Cartaxo HB, Lucena JDD, Silva DR, Lucena GTS, et al. Avaliação das atividades antioxidante e gastroprotetora de Moringa oleifera. RSD [Internet]. 2021 Apr 23 [cited 2025 Oct 22];10(4):e55210414410. Available from: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/14410
143.    Ezemagu UK, Okafor CC, Anibeze CP, Ojobo CM, Okechukwu GN, Ezemagu EI. Evaluating the Renal Toxicity Profile of Moringa oleifera Seed: Associating its Wide Consumption with Renal Failure – Subacute In vivo Study. Journal of the Anatomical Society of India [Internet]. 2023 Apr [cited 2025 Oct 22];72(2):98–104. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jasi.jasi_22_22
144.    De Barros MC, Silva AGB, Souza TGDS, Chagas CA, Machado JCB, Ferreira MRA, et al. Evaluation of acute toxicity, 28-day repeated dose toxicity, and genotoxicity of Moringa oleifera leaves infusion and powder. Journal of Ethnopharmacology [Internet]. 2022 Oct [cited 2025 Oct 22];296:115504. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378874122005438
145.    De Barros MC, Da Silva SSS, Gagliano EP, Dos Santos ANS, Patriota LL de S, Ferreira GRS, et al. Acute Toxicity and Genotoxicity of cMoL, a Lectin From  Moringa oleifera  Seeds With Antifungal Activity Against  Cryptococcus  Strains. J of Applied Toxicology [Internet]. 2025 Sep 9 [cited 2025 Oct 22];jat.4922. Available from: https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jat.4922
146.    Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Frimpong-Manso S, Awortwe C, Antwi DA, Nyarko AK. Micro- and Macroelemental Composition and Safety Evaluation of the Nutraceutical Moringa oleifera Leaves. Journal of Toxicology [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2025 Oct 22];2014:1–13. Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jt/2014/786979/
147.    Alves RRDV, De Oliveira AM, Dos Prazeres GB, Da Silva AR, Costa FF, Barros BRDS, et al. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Acute Oral Toxicity of Saline Extract and Protein-Rich Fraction from Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves. Pharmaceuticals [Internet]. 2024 Aug 8 [cited 2025 Oct 22];17(8):1045. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/8/1045
148.    Vázquez-León LA, Páramo-Calderón DE, Robles-Olvera VJ, Valdés-Rodríguez OA, Pérez-Vázquez A, García-Alvarado MA, et al. Variation in bioactive compounds and antiradical activity of Moringa oleifera leaves: influence of climatic factors, tree age, and soil parameters. Eur Food Res Technol [Internet]. 2017 Sep [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 243(9): 1593–608. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00217-017-2868-4
149.    Stohs SJ, Hartman MJ. Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Moringa oleifera. Phytotherapy Research [Internet]. 2015 Jun [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 29(6): 796–804. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.5325
150.    Gandji K, Chadare FJ, Idohou R, Salako VK, Assogbadjo AE, Kakaï RLG. Status and utilisation of Moringa oleifera Lam: A review. Afr Crop Sci J [Internet]. 2018 Feb 27 [cited 2025 Oct 22]; 26(1): 137. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/acsj/article/view/167532
151.    Azlan UK, Mediani A, Rohani ER, Tong X, Han R, Misnan NM, et al. A Comprehensive Review with Updated Future Perspectives on the Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Aspects of Moringa oleifera. Molecules. 2022 Sep 6; 27(18): 5765. 
152.    (University / inventors). Use of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts as biostimulants / biofertilizers for Curcuma longa. US11903390 B1. Issued: 2024/02/20. [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https://patents.justia.com/inventor/salah-khattab?utm_source=chatgpt.com
153.    (University / inventors). Extracts from Moringaceae (incl. oleifera) and methods for production. US11147847 B2. Issued: 2021/10/19. [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://patents.justia.com/patent/11147847?utm_source=chatgpt.com
154.    Unilever IP Holdings B.V. Personal care compositions citing use of moringa seed extract protein. WO2022135882A1. Priority: 2020/12/25. [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2022135882A1/de?utm_source=chatgpt.com
155.    International Flora Technologies Ltd. Ultra‑stable composition comprising moringa oil and derivatives and uses thereof. US6528075 B1 / EP1365729A1. Priority: 2001/07/27. [Internet]. 2003. Available from: https://patents.google.com/patent/US6528075?utm_source=chatgpt.com
156.    Chinese Agricultural R&D Institute. Whole‑plant silage method and application for Moringa oleifera. CN116849300A. Filing: 2023/07/25. [Internet]. 2023. Available from: (No accessible global mirror located)
157.    Cargill Inc. Oxidatively stable emollient compositions using moringa oil. WO2023164720A1 / JP2025508793A. Filing: 2022/02/28. [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://www.cargill.com/doc/1432223223215/beauty-floralipids%C2%AE-moringa-oil-refined-product-data-sheet.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
158.    BASF Beauty Care Solutions France SAS. Cosmetic use of protein extract from Moringa oleifera seeds. FR3110402B1. Priority: 2020/05/20. [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20200330366A1/en?utm_source=chatgpt.com



Recomonded Articles:

Author(s): Gautam Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Harshit Rana

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00007         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Purnendu Panda, Banamali Das, DS Sahu, SK Meher, BK Das, MM Rao, GChD Naga Lakshmi.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2015.00011.7         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Purnendu Panda, Banamali Das, DS Sahu, SK Meher, Das, GC Nanda.

DOI: Not Available         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Syed Sagheer Ahmed, Chandra Prakash. K, Saba Tabassum, Noor Salma, Ahalya Devi. K H

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2019.00003.X         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Sudhanshu Kumar Meher, Purnendu Panda, Banmali Das, G. C. Bhuyan, Dr. K. K. Rath

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2018.00023.X         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Syed Shafeeq. R, Shekshavali. T, Syed Sulthan Ahamed. S N

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2018.00026.5         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Chunendra Kumar, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Ravindra Kumar Pandey

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2017.00016.7         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): VI Zalavadiya, VK Shah, DD Santani, MS Patel, JM Fosi, AK Chaudhary.

DOI: Not Available         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Sudhanshu Kumar Meher, Banmali Das, Purnendu Panda, GC Bhuyan, MM Rao.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2016.00006.9         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Sachin Aglawe, Amol Gayke, Kavita Sharma, Sonali Jadhav, Sanjivani Gore, Bhagyashri Pandit, Sonali Valate, Mayuri Wagh

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2020.00003.8         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): T. Shekshavali, S. Roshan

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2016.00031.8         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Shameer Pasha, Mohamed Khaleel, Sukhen Som.

DOI: Not Available         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Ganesh G. Dhakad, Sayali V. Ganjiwale, Shweta M. Nawghare, Abhijit V. Shrirao, N.I. Kochar, A. V. Chandewar

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00014         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): S. D. Kadam, S. A. Chavhan, S. A. Shinde, P. N. Sapkal

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2018.00032.0         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Ganesh G. Dhakad, Kaveri P. Tambe, Sangita P. Shirsat, Neha R. Jaiswal

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2022.00031         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Kishan K G, Shekshavali. T, Kuppast I.J, Kishan Kumar MA, Jeevanagouda Patil

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2016.00030.6         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): K. Rashid, C. Senthil Kumar, P. M. Mohammed Haleel

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2017.00037.4         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Sanjib Kumar Das, Anuradha Das, Banamali Das, Purnendu Panda, G. C. Bhuyan, Bipin Bihari Khuntia

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2017.00036.2         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Dipsundar Sahu, Shakti Bhushan, Debajyoti Das, Saroj Kumar Debnath, Laxmidhar Barik, Vandana Meena, Vikas Singh, Amit Kumar Dixit, PVV Prasad

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5836.2021.00015         Access: Open Access Read More

Author(s): Madhavi Sahu, S. Prakash Rao

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2018.00031.9         Access: Open Access Read More

Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics (RJPPD) is an international, peer-reviewed journal....... Read more >>>

RNI: Not Available                     
DOI: 10.5958 2321-5836 

Journal Policies & Information




Recent Articles




Tags